Detecting Cyclostationarity in Re-Captured LCD Screens

In recent years, we have observed a dynamic development in two essential areas of forensics analysis of digital images and videos integrity verification (genuineness analysis) and image ballistics (source device verification). Although past research in the areas of image integrity verification and image ballistics have mainly focused on data hiding and digital watermarking approaches [1,2], today there is a growing alternative approach called the passive one which does not need embedding any secondary data into the image [3]. Methods published in this area have, for example, attempted to detect image splicing [46], traces of inconsistencies in color filter array interpolation [7-9], traces of geometric transformations [10-12], cloning [13-15], computer graphics generated photos [16-18], JPEG compression inconsistencies [19-21], file structure inconsistencies [22,23], etc. Typically, pointed out methods are based on the fact that digital image editing brings specific detectable inconsistencies and statistical changes into the image.